 |
| Signed to his son and daughter. |
As long as I can remember, I knew that my Grandad Wilbanks was in the US Army in Europe during World War II. I knew he was in "Civil Affairs" and not a frontline combat soldier. He never gave me any details, but I remember looking at some war trophies that he brought home: a pair of artillery field glasses from a German officer, and a Nazi dagger. We played with these things as kids. We dropped the binoculars and made them unusable, and the dagger (which I still have) was busted up over time. Thanks to us boys, the inlaid Nazi eagle and swastika symbol is missing, the scabbard is now dented and scarred, and the tip of the knife is broken off. We were so casual (as were my folks obviously) with our treatments of what today seem like treasures. I have discovered a lot about Granddad's service through his letters, photographs, and other documents.
On May 8th, 1942, the Battle of the Corral Sea concluded in the South Pacific. As a result of the battle, the Japanese retired from the area and called off the invasion of Port Moresby, New Guinea. It is considered a major turning point in the Pacific War. In Europe, the Germans had reached their high water mark and would soon be defeated in the Battle of Stalingrad. The United States Army was still preparing for the invasion of North Africa.
Also on that day, Grandad's National guard unit was activated and subsumed by the regular US Army. Initially as Captain in the field artillery, he received orders to report to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for training and organization.
Grandad and Grandmother Margaret had split up two years earlier and my Dad was living with him and attending school in Holdenville. He was 15 years old, and since Grandad was going to war he needed to join his mother and sister in California. So Grandad put his son on the train to California on May 23rd or 24th, and reported for duty on June 1st. His guard unit would be assigned to the 45th Infantry Division.
 |
The Native American symbol of the Thunderbird was the 45th Division Logo. |
Grandad was probably selected for service in "Civil Affairs" because of his law degree and experience as a judge and attorney. At this phase of the war the Army knew it would need specialized soldiers to pacify and bring order to territories successfully liberated from the Axis Armies. Most of those recruited for this job were successful business people, followed second by civilian lawyers. As one Army historian wrote they were looking for people of good judgement “requiring great administrative ability and experience, great wisdom, diplomacy, and qualities of leadership.” It took almost two years of transfers, training, and reassignments for Grandad to end up in England for his "final" Civil Affairs training.
He arrived in Shrivenham, England, at the American School Center in February 1944 to prepare for his duties following behind the invasion forces.
He thought the countryside beautiful as he wrote to Aunt Marjorie: "Small farms looking like parks. Lots of green grassland - but the weather cold as all get out."
He continued his training and preparation there in England until September of 1944, 3 months after the D-Day invasion of Europe.
 |
A transport ship offloads a military truck called a "Deuce and a half". |
"Well, at long last I am 'somewhere in France' " he wrote. It took three days after boarding ship to cross the channel and prepare to unload. They lifted loaded trucks, and Jeeps onto huge barges ("fifty or sixty to a barge") with "big cranes on the ship", they "climbed down rope ladders to the barge", got in their vehicles and headed for shore. Grandad had his "bed role and other stuff in (his) own jeep with driver and his equipment." The barges "nosed up to the beach and (they) all drove off and away."
By November of 1944, Grandad was in Tirlemont, Belgium, under the Ninth Army assisting in setting up training for the temporary occupation of the city of Düsseldorf.
In December of 1944, he was on a mission to Haccourt, Belgium, (between Liege and Maastricht). They had guard duty at the Muese River bridge-heads. South of them, the German Army launched a massive counterattack, that became known as the "Battle of the Bulge", through the Ardennes Forest. I don't know how close the combat actually came to Grandad. However, Dad told me a story about a close encounter with some unexpected German Tanks which may have been true, since Grandad was in the area.
In January, 1945, after the American Army pushed the Germans back out of Belgium, Grandad's unit got orders to do civil affairs work in Marche, Belgium, to help them recover from the destruction of the "Bulge". There is very little correspondence during this time and all the way up to March of 1945. I'm guessing he was pretty busy. However, in March he was complaining about being back at the training center in Tirlemont, Belgium. "Have nothing much to do now - back in the Military Gov. Training Center. The 'training' is mostly a joke - we are all fed up with 'training' but anxious to be at work."
He got his wish just a few days later. On March 7th, he was on the move. In a letter to Margaret he wrote: "Am in Germany, and do not think there will be any going back to Belgium, France or Holland, but that future moves will be across the Rhine and further into Germany. We came through a part of Holland just recently liberated - the flags were out and many civilians were waving to us as we came along." It was a different story as he passed through German villages and towns. They "were like ghost towns - not a civilian in sight. The few remaining in town stay inside houses and in cellars all the time except 2 hours per day when one woman per family may go out for food, water, and fuel."
 |
US tanks advance through the streets of Düsseldorf |
By the end of March his unit had reached the city of Düsseldorf, on the west bank of the Rhine River, with the German's still in control of the east bank. "We see a lot of fireworks every night. We (I mean our Army) have machine guns on this bank
(about 200 yards from where we live) and Germans have some on the other bank. Just a few minutes ago they shot a burst of tracer bullets (which are red and you can see them in the dark - look like Fourth of July fireworks) over our house. However, the Germans do not shoot back much."
From Düsseldorf Grandad moved southwest into Bavaria. He was billeted in Uffenheim just east of Nuremburg for a while. Eventually he ended up in Regensburg on the Danube River.
 |
Grandad and his interpreter in Uffenheim, Germany |
On May 8th, the Germans surrendered. "Well, today is V-Day, but just like any other day here. A few days ago we received a false report that the war was over and all proceeded to celebrate - but today and tonight it seems like no one is feeling like any celebrations." Actually, May 8th was the second surrender for the Germans. The day before they had surrendered to the US Army. Stalin was very upset, and demanded a second ceremony in Berlin on May 8th with high level Soviet representation. Perhaps the "false reports" had to do with the original surrender earlier.
Grandad settled into a routine. They moved into the Hotel Karmeliten (it was demolished in 2012). "I have a nice large comfortable room - good bed, but it sure is a lonesome, tiresome life over here." "Have been fairly busy last few days. All our large team is together here and I do nothing but legal work. advise when necessary and conduct military court for trial of civilians." Most of the cases were curfew violations. "When a violator comes before me it is 30 days in jail and 250 Reich Mark fine. Tough Ain't I? Well we have to let them know we mean business. They are used to being treated with toughness. They construe kindness as 'weakness'".
 |
The Hotel Karmeliten in April 1945. Grandad's room was "the 4th and 5th window to your left from the corner of the building on 3rd floor." |
.JPG) |
The hotel Karmeliten in 2012, just prior to demolition. |
 |
Grandad and his newly confiscated car. "About the size of an Oldsmobile."
|
Grandad completed his service there in Regensburg on the Danube River. He eventually was assigned a civilian car that had been confiscated from a "German
SS Lawyer". It was a large, very nice car, and he was relieved to not have to use a Jeep anymore. He was assigned a German driver who spoke no English, but they managed to communicate well enough to get where he wanted to go. The man had been a non-commissioned officer in the German Army for six years, and was also a good mechanic. They got along well despite the language barrier. "He thinks more of that car I believe than he does of his wife. Sure takes good care of it. Keeps it washed and shined every day." The job as Grandad's driver was probably the best thing that could have happened to this man. A good paying job in a devastated country was an absolute and literal life saver. I'm sure he was working extra hard to keep it.
 |
Standing on a "pontoon bridge over the Danube. Notice the bombed and demolished bridge in the background? That is upstream from where I was standing."
|
 |
| There was a "secluded place on the Knab River that runs into the Danube about 7 or 8 miles" away where Grandad and his fellow soldiers occasionally went to sunbathe, swim and relax. |
 |
"A view of a portion of the Cathedral of Regensburg, taken by me, Sunday June 3rd, 1945"
|
 |
Souvenir program from "Organization Day" September 18, 1945 |
On September 18th, 1945, Grandad's detachment celebrated their establishment (anniversary) with a large dinner there in Regensburg. He went deer hunting with several of the other men to bring back venison for the main course. Grandad missed... but others we able to bag plenty for the large crowd attending (around 100). The souvenir program, which he sent to his daughter (Aunt Marjorie) included a timeline describing the important events and tasks his unit had undertaken. It has a lot of detailed information that made it possible for me to put this whole story together.
Grandad stayed and worked out of Regensburg for the rest of his wartime duties. He finally came home in 1946 and was discharged from the Army on May 25th. He went on to marry his second wife, Theta Gee (we called her "Granny") in 1947. Not long after the war, he joined the Veteran's Administration as a legal counselor.
After such an eventful life, thank goodness Grandmother Margaret had saved this trail of pictures, letters and old stories. It has truly been a gift to be able to sift though this treasure trove of family history: a meager but oh so valuable legacy of part of the difference my Grandad made in the world. Thanks for ALL your service Colonel Wilbanks!
That's All!